University of Illinois
 University of Buenos Aires
topleft logo

REFERENCES

    Anonymous, 1982. Regionalizacion Ecologica de la Rep Argentina. Argentina; Instituto Nacional de Tecnologia Agropecuaria, Centro de Investigaciones den Re cursos Naturales, publiction 173, pp94-156.

    Avila H, Goncalves AM, Nehme NS, Morel C, Simpson L. 1990. Schizodeme analysis of Trypanosoma cruzi stocks from South and Central America by analysis of PCR amplified minicircle varaible region sequences. Mol Biochem Parastiol. 42: 175-187

    Avila HA, Sigman DS, Cohen LM, Millikan RC, Simpson L. 1991.Polymerase chain reaction amplification of Trypanosoma cruzi kinetoplast minicircle DNA isolated from whole blood lysates: diagnosis of chronic Chagas' disease. Mol Biochem Parasitol 48: 211-21.

    Barreto MP (1979). Epidemiologia in :Trypanosoma cruzi e Doenca de Chagas (eds. Z. Brener & Z. Andrade) pp. 89-151, Ed. Guanabara Koogan, Rio de Janeiro.

    Borges EC, Pires HHR, Barbosa SE, Nunes CMS, Pereira MH, Romanha AJ, Diotaiuti L. 1999. Genetic variability in Brazilian triatomines and the risk of domiciliaton. Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz 94:371-373.

    Brener R.R. & Stoka A. de la M (eds) (1988) Chagas disease vectors (vols 1-3). CRC Press, Boca Raton.

    Briceno- Leon R. 1987. Rural housing for control of Chagas disease in Venezuela. Parasitology Today, 3(12): 384-387.

    Briceno-Leon R. (1990). La casa enferma. Sociologia de la Enfermedad de Chagas. Ediciones Capriles, Caracas. 153 pp.

    Bucher EH, Schofield CJ. 1981. Economic assault on Chagas disease. New Scientist, 92(1277): 321-324.

    Busenberg SN, Vargas C. 1991. Modeling Chagas'disease. Variable population size and demographic implications. Mathematical population dynamics. Proceedings of the second international conference. Marcel Dekker, Inc, 283-295.

    Canale DM, Cecere MC, Chuit R, Gurtler RE. 2000. Peridomestic distribution ofTriatoma garciabesi and Triatoma guasayana in north-west Argentina. Med Vet Entomol. 14, 383-390.

    Canals LM, Cattan APE. 1992. Dinamica de la transmision chagasica en Chile: modelo y simulacion. Rev med Chile, 120: 1359-1365.

    Catala S. 1991. The biting rate of Triatoma infestans in Argentina. Med Vet Entomol 5:325-333.

    Cecere MC, Gurtler RE, Canale D, Chuit R & Cohen JE. 1998. Factors limiting the domiciliary density of Triatoma infestans, vector of Chagas'disease, in north-west Argentina: a longitudinal study. Bulletin of the World Health Organization, 76, 373-384.

    Cecere MC, Gurtler RE, Canale D, Chuit R, Cohen J. 1997. The role of the peridomiciliary area in the elimination of Triatoma infestans from rural Argentine communities. Pan Am J Public Health 1:273-279.

    Cecere MC. 1999. Dinamica poblacional de Triatoma infestans en comunidades rurales y en un modelo experimental bajo condiciones naturales. Tesis de Doctorado. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina.

    Chuit R, Paulone I, Wisnivesky- Colli C, Bo R, Perez AC, Sosa-Stani S, Segura EL. 1992. Result of a first step toward community based surveillance of transmission of Chagas disease with appropriate technology in rural areas. Am J Trop Med Hyg, 46(4): 444-450.

    D'Alessandro A, Barreto P, Duarte RCA. 1971. Distribution of Triatomine-transmitted Trypanosomiasis in Colombia and new records of the bugs and infections. J Med Entomol, 8(2): 159-172.

    Dias JC. 1988. Control of Chagas disease vectors in Brazil and risk of domiciliary reinfestation by secondary vectors. Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz, 83 (l):387-91.

    Dias JCP y Dias RB. (1982). Housing and control of vectors of human Chagas disease in state of Minas, Brazil. Bulletin of the Panamerican Health Oragnization 16: 117-129.

    Dias JCP. 1991. Chagas disease control in Brazil: Which strategy after the attack phase? Ann Soc Belg Med Trop 71 (Suppl. 1):75-86.

    Diotaiuti L & Texerira Pinto, C. (1991) Suscetibilidade biologica do Triatoma sordida e Triatoma infestans a deltametrina e lambdacyhalotrina em condiçoes de campo. Revista da Sociedade brasilerira de Medicina Tropical 24, 151-155.

    Diotaiuti L, Ribeiro de Paula O, Lima Falcao P, Pinto Dias JC. 1995. Avaliacao do programa de controle vetorial da doenca de Chagas em Minas Gerais, Brasil, com referencia especial ao Triatoma sordida. Bol Ofic Sanit Panam 118:211-219.

    Dujardin JP, Bermudez H, Schofield CJ. 1997. The use of morphometrics in entomological surveillance of silvatic foci of Triatoma infestans in Bolivia. Acta Trop 66:145-153.

    Dujardin JP, Cardozo L, Schofield C. 1996. Genetic analysis of Triatoma infestans following insecticidal control interventions in central Bolivia. Acta Trop, 61: 263-266.

    Dujardin JP, Tibayrenc M, Venegas E, Maldonado L, Desjeux P, Ayala FJ.1987. Isozyme evidence for lack of speciation between wild and domestic Triatoma infestans (Heteroptera: Reduviidae) in Bolivia. Journal of Medical Entomology 24, 40-45.

    Ferro C, Morrison AC, Torres M, Pardo R, Wilson ML, Tesh RB. 1995. Age stucture, blood-feeding behavior, and Leishmania chagasi infection in Lutzomyia longipalpis (Diptera: Psychodidae) at an endemic focus of visceral leishmaniasis in Colombia. J Med Entomol, 32(5): 618-629.

    Forattini OP, Ferreira OA, Rocha e Silva EO da, Rabello EX, Ferreira do Santos JL. 1971. Aspectos ecologicos da tripanosomose americana. II- Distribuçao e dispersao local de triatomineos em ecotopos naturais e artificiais. Revista de Saude Publica 5, 163-191.

    Gajate PP, Bottazzi MV, Pietrokovsky SM, Wisnivesky- Colli C. 1996. Potential colonization of the peridomicile by Triatoma guasayana (Hemiptera: Reduviidae) in Santiago del Estero, Argentina. J Med Entomol, 33(4): 635-639.

    Garcia-Zapata, M.T.A.; Marsden, P.D.1993. Chagas Disease: control and surveillance through use of insecticides and community participation in Mambaí, Goiás, Brazil. Bulletin of PAHO, 27(3): 265-279.

    Giojalas, L, Catala S, Asin E, Gorla D (1990). Seasonal changes in infectivity of domestic populations of Triatoma infestans. Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, 84:439-442.

    Gorla DE, Dujardin JP, Schofield CJ. 1997. Biosystematics of old world Triatominae. Acta Tropica, 63: 127-140.

    Gorla DE, Schofield CJ. 1989. Population dynamics of Triatoma infestans under natural climatic conditions in the Argentine Chaco. Med Vet Entomol, 3: 179-194.

    Gorla DE. 1992. Population dynamics and control of Triatoma infestans. Med Vet Entomol, 6:??.

    Gurtler RE, Cecere MC, Canale, DM, Castanera MB, Chuit R, Cohen JE. 1999. Monitoring house reinfestation by vectors of Chagas disease: a comparative trial of detection methods during a four-year follow-up. Acta Trop 72:213-234.

    Gurtler RE, Cecere MC, Castanera MB, Canale D, Lauricella MA, Chuit R, Cohen JE, Segura EL. 1996b. Probability of infection with Trypanosoma cruzi of the vector Triatoma infestans fed on infected humans and dogs in northwest Argentina. Am J Trop Med Hyg 55: 24-31.

    Gurtler RE, Cecere MC, Petersen RM, Rubel DN & Schweigmann NJ. 1993. Chagas disease in north?west Argentina: association between Trypanosoma cruzi parasitaemia in dogs and cats and infection rates in domestic Triatoma infestans. Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, 87, 12-15.

    Gurtler RE, Cecere MC, Rubel, DN, Petersen RM, Schweigmann NJ, Lauricella MA, Bujas MA, Segura EL & Wisnivesky-Colli C. 1991. Chagas disease in north-west Argentina: infected dogs as a risk factor for the domestic transmission of Trypanosoma cruzi. Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, 85, 741-745.

    Gurtler RE, Cohen JE, Cecere MC & Chuit R. 1997. Shifting host choices of the vector of Chagas disease Triatoma infestans in relation to the availability of hosts in houses in north-west Argentina. Journal of Applied Ecology, 34, 699-715.

    Gurtler RE, Petersen RM, Cecere MC, Schweigmann NJ, Chuit R, Gualtieri JM, Wisnivesky-Colli MC. 1994. Chagas disease in north-west Argentina: risk of domestic reinfestation by Triatoma infestans after a single community-wide application of deltamethrin. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 88:27-30

    Gurtler RE, Schweigmann NJ, Cecere MC, Chuit, R. & Wisnivesky-Colli, C. 1993. Comparison of two sampling methods for domestic populations of Triatoma infestans in north-west Argentina. Medical and Veterinary Entomology, 7, 238-242.

    Hoare CA. 1973.Letter: "Trypanosoma brucei-subgroup".

    Hoff R, Mott KE, Franca Silva J, Menezes V, Hoff JN, Barrett TV, Sherlock I.1979. Prevalence of Parasitemia and Seroreactivity to Trypanosoma cruzi in a Rural Population of Northeast Brazil. Am J Trop Med Hyg, 28(3): 461-466.

    Jedwab J. (1986) A model of active and passive dispersal of Triatoma infestans between houses. Thesis, University of Cambridge. 128pp.

    Juarez E. 1970. Comportamento do Triatoma infestans sob varias condiçoes de laboratorio. Rev Saude Publ, 4: 147-166.

    Kroeger A (1980) Housing and health in the process of cultural adaptation: a case study among jungle and highland natives in Ecuador. Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, 83:53-69.

    Lehane MJ, McEwen P, Whitaker CJ, Schofield CJ. (1992). The role of temperature and nutricional status in flight initiation by Triatoma infestans. Acta Trop 52:27-38.

    Marsden P, Virgens D, Magalhaes I, Tavares-Neto J, Ferreira R, Costa CH, Castro CN, Macedo VO, Prata AR. 1982. Ecologia domestica do Triatoma infestans em Mambai, Goias- Brasil. Rev Inst Med trop, 24(6): 364-373.

    Medicina (B Aires), 59(2): 41-6.

    Minter DM. 1976.Epidemiology of Chagas' disease. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg, 70(2):124.

    Moncayo A.1997. Progress towards the elimination of transmission of Chagas disease in Latin America.

    Monteiro FA, Perez R, Panzera F, Dujardin JP, Galvao C, Rocha D, Noireau F, Schofield C, Beard CB. 1999. Mitochondrial DNA variation of Triatoma infestans populations and its implication on the specific status of T. melanosoma. Mem. Inst. Oswaldo Cruz, 94(1): 229-238.

    Mott KE, Muniz TM, Lehman JSJr, Hoff R, Morrow RH Jr, Silva de Oliveira T, Sherlock I, Draper CC. 1978. House construction, triatomine distribution, and household distribution of seroreactivity to Trypanosoma cruzi in a rural community in northeast Brazil. Am J Trop Med Hyg, 27(6): 1116-1122.

    Mott KE, Muniz, TM, Lehman JS, Hoff R, Morrow RH, Silva de Oliveira T, Sherlock I, Draper CC. 1978. House construction, triatomine distribution, and household distribution of seroreactivity to Trypanosoma cruzi in a rural community in northeast Brazil. Am J Trop Med Hyg, 27(6): 1116-1122.

    Neves DP. 1981. Influencia da temperatura na evolucao do Trypanosoma cruzi em Triatomineos. Rev Inst Med Trop, 13(3): 155-161.

    Noireau F, Breniere F, Cardozo L, Bosseno MF, Vargas F, Peredo C, Medinacelli. 1996. Current spread of Triatoma infestans at the expense of Triatoma sordida in Bolivia. Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz, 91(3):271-2.

    Okasha AY. 1970. Effects of sub-lethal high temperature on an insect, Rhodnius prolixus (Stal.). V. A possible mechanism of the inhibition of reproduction. J Exp Biol, 53(1):37-45.

    Oliveira Filho AM, Santos CE, Melo TMV, Figuereido MJ, Silva EL, Dias JCP. 1986. Field trial of insecticides in an area of high levels of infestation and dispersion of Triatoma infestans. Mem Inst Osw Cruz 81(Suppl.): 171.

    Paulone I,Chuit R, Perez A, Wisnivesky- Colli C, Segura EL. 1988. Field research on an epidemiological surveillance alternative of Chagas Disease transmission: The primary health care (PHC) strategy in rural areas. Rev Arg Microbiol, 20: 103-105.

    Piesman J, Sherlock IA, Christensen HA. 1983. Host availability limits population density of Pastrongylus megistus. Am J Trop Med Hyg, 32(6): 1445-1450.

    Pinchin R, de Oliveira Filho AM, Fanara DM, Gilbert B. 1980. Ensaio de campo para avaliacao das possibilidades de uso de decametrina (OMS 1998) no combate a Triatomineos. Rev Brasil Malariol D Trop, 32: 36-41.

    Pinchin R, Fanara DM, Castleton CW, de Oliveira Filho AM. 1981. Comparison of techniques for detection of domestic infestations with Triatoma infestans in Brazil. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg, 75(5): 691-694.

    Rabinovich JE, Himschoot P. 1990. A population-dynamics simulation model of the main vectors of Chagas disease transmission, Rhodnius prolixus and Triatoma infestans. Ecol Mod, 52: 249-266.

    Rabinovich JE. 1972. Vital statistic of Triatominae (Hemiptera: Reduviidae) under laboratory conditions. I Triatoma infestans Klug. J Med Ent 4:351-370.

    Rabinovich JE. 1985. Ecologia poblacional de los triatominos. In: Factores biologicos y ecologicos en la enfermedad de Chagas (eds RU Carcavallo, JE Rabinovich, RJ Tonn) OPS/Servicio Nacional de Chagas, Argentina. Pp 121-148.

    Ronderos RA, Schnack JA y Mauri RA. (1980). Resultados preliminares respecto de la ecologia de Triatoma infestans (Klug) y especies congenericas con referencia especial a poblaciones peridomiciliarias. Medicina (Buenos Aires) 40 (Supl. 1):187-196.

    Ryckman RE & Zackrison JL (1987) A bibliography to Chagas disease, the Triatominae and Tritominae-borne trypanosomes of South America (Hemiptera: Reduviidae: Triatominae). Bulletin of the Society of Vector Ecologists, 12:1-464.

    Schmunis GA, Zicker F, Moncayo A. 1996. Interruption of Chagas disease transmission through vector elimination. Lancet, 26 348(9035):1171.

    Schmunis GA. 1999.Risk of Chagas disease through transfusions in the Americans. Medicina (B Aires), 59 (2):125-34.

    Schofield C.J. & Matthews T.J.N. (1985). Theoretical approach to active dispersal and colonization of houses by Triatoma infestans. J Trop Med Hyg, 88, 211-222.

    Schofield CJ Briceno-Leon R, Kolstrup N, Webb DJT, White GB (1991). The role of house design in limiting vector-borne disease. In: Appropriate Technology in Vector Control. (ed.CF Curtis) CRC Press, Boca Raton, pp 187-212.

    Schofield CJ y White GB. (1984). House design and domestic vectors of disease. Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene 78: 285-292.

    Schofield CJ, Lehane MJ, McEwen P, Catala SS, Gorla DE. (1992). Dispersive flight by Triatoma infestans under natural climatic conditions in Argentina. Med Vet Entomol 6:51-56.

    Schofield CJ, White GB. 1984. House design and domestic vectors of disease. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg, 78: 285-292.

    Schofield CJ. 1982. The role of blood intake in density regulation of populations of Triatoma infestans (Klug) (Hemiptera: Reduviidae). Bull Entomol Res, 72: 617-629.

    Schofield CJ. 1985. Population dynamics and control of Triatoma infestans. Ann Soc belge Med Trop 65: 149-164.

    Schofield CJ. 1994. Triatominae: Biologia y Control. Eurocommunica Publications, Bognor Regis, 80pp.

    Schofield CJ. 1994. Triatominae: Biologia y Control. Eurocommunica Publications, Bognor Regis, 80pp.

    Schofield CJ.1978. A comparison of sampling techniques for domestic populations of Triatominae. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg, 72(5): 449-455.

    Schofield, C.J.; Diotaiuti, L.; Dujardin, J.P. 1999. The process of domestication in Triatominae. Mem. Inst. Oswaldo Cruz, 94 (1): 375-378.

    Segura EL, Cura EN, Sosa Estani S, Andrade J, Lansetti JC, De Rissio AM, Campanini A, Blanco SB, Gurtler RE, Alvarez M. 2000.Long-terms effects of a nation-wide control program on the seropositivity for Trypanosoma cruzi infection in young men from Argentina. American Journal of Tropical Medicine & Hygiene, 62: 353-362.

    Segura EL, Sosa Estani S, Esquivel ML, Gomez A, Salomon OD, Grupo de Desarrollo y Aplicacion Operativa. 1999. Control de la transmision de Trypanosoma cruzi en la Argentina 1999. Medicina (Buenos Aires) 59:91-96.

    TDRNews. 2000. Chagas disease interrupted in Chile. No. 61 February 2000.

    Tonn RL, de Hubsch R, Sukerman E, Torrealba JW, Carrasquero B. 1978. Estudio epidemiologico sobre la enfermedad de Chagas en ocho centros poblados del estado Cojedes, Venezuela. Bol Dir Malariol San Amb, 18(1): 3-15.

    Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg. 1973;67(3):421-2. No abstract available.

    Velasco- Hernandez J X. 1991. An epidemiological model for the dynamics of Chagas disease. Bio Sys, 26: 127-134.

    Velasco- Hernandez J X. 1994. A model for Chagas disease involving transmission by vectors and blood transfusion. Theor Pop Biol, 46(1): 1-31.

    WHO. (1991). Control of Chagas Disease. WHO Technical Report Series 811.World Health Organization, Geneva. 95pp.

    Wisnivesky - Colli C, Paulone I, Chuit R, Perez A, Segura EL. 1988. A new method for the detection or reinfested households during surveillance activities of control programmes of Chagas Disease. Rev Arg Microbiol, 20: 96-102.

    Wisnivesky - Colli, C. 1987. Feeding patterns of Triatominae in relation to transmission of American Trypanosomiasis. Chagas Disease Vectors. Brenner y Stoka editors, 99-117.

    Wisnivesky-Colli C. 1993. La importancia del peridomicilio en un programa de eliminación de Triatoma infestans. Rev Soc Bras Med Trop 26 (Supl III):55-63.

    World Health Stat Q, 50(3-4):195-8.

    Zeledon R & Vargas LG (1984) The role of dirt floors and of firewood in rural dwellings in the epidemiology of Chagas disease in Costa Rica. American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, 33:232-235.

    Zeledon R, Rabinovich JE. 1981. Chagas disease: an ecological appraisal with special emphasis on its insect vectors. A Rev Entomol, 26: 101-133.

    Zerba EN.1999. Susceptibility and resistance to insecticides of Chagas disease vectors.

    Gurtler RE, Lauricella MA, Solarz ND, Bujas MA & Wisnivesky-Colli C. Dynamics of transmission of Trypanosoma cruzi in a rural area of Argentina. I. The dog reservoir: an epidemiological profile. Revista do Instituto de Medicina Tropical de São Paulo, 28, 28-35, 1986a.

    Gurtler RE, Solarz ND, Lauricella MA, Haedo AS, Pietrokowsky S, Alberti A & Wisnivesky-Colli C. Dynamics of transmission of Trypanosoma cruzi in a rural area of Argentina. III. Persistence of T. cruzi parasitemia among canine reservoirs in a two-year follow up. Revista do Instituto de Medicina Tropical de Sao Paulo, 28, 213-219, 1986b.

    Gurtler RE, Wisnivesky-Colli C, Lauricella MA, Solarz ND & Bujas MA. Dynamics of transmission of Trypanosoma cruzi in a rural area of Argentina. II. Household infection patterns of children and dogs relative to the density of infected Triatoma infestans. Bulletin of the Panamerican Health Organization, 21, 280-292, 1987.

    Wisnivesky-Colli C, Ruiz AM, Ledesma O, Gurtler RE, Solarz ND, Lazzari J, Bujas MA, de Rissio AM, Barbieri G, Marteleur A & Segura EL. Dynamics of transmission of Trypanosoma cruzi in a rural area of Argentina. IV. A serological, parasitological and electrocardiographic study of the human population. Medicina (Buenos Aires), 49, 341-350, 1989.

    Gurtler RE, Kravetz FO, Petersen RM, Lauricella MA & Wisnivesky-Colli C. The prevalence of Trypanosoma cruzi and the demography of dog populations after insecticidal spraying of houses: a predictive model. Annuals of Tropical Medicine and Parasitology, 84, 313-323, 1990.

    Rabinovich JE, Wisnivesky-Colli C, Solarz ND & Gurtler RE. Probability of transmission of Chagas disease by Triatoma infestans (Hemiptera, Reduviidae) in an endemic area of Santiago del Estero, Argentina. Bulletin of the World Health Organization, 68, 737-746, 1990.

    Gurtler RE, Cecere MC, Rubel, DN, Petersen RM, Schweigmann NJ, Lauricella MA, Bujas MA, Segura EL & Wisnivesky-Colli C. Chagas disease in north-west Argentina: infected dogs as a risk factor for the domestic transmission of Trypanosoma cruzi. Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, 85, 741-745, 1991.

    Gurtler RE, Petersen RM, Lauricella MA & Wisnivesky-Colli C. Infectivity to the vector Triatoma infestans of dogs infected with Trypanosoma cruzi in north-west Argentina. Annuals of Tropical Medicine and Parasitology, 86, 111-119, 1992.

    Gurtler RE, Cecere MC, Rubel DN & Schweigmann NJ. Determinants of the domiciliary density of Triatoma infestans, vector of Chagas disease. Medical and Veterinary Entomology, 6, 75-83, 1992.

    Gurtler RE, Cecere MC, Petersen RM, Rubel DN & Schweigmann NJ. Chagas disease in north-west Argentina: association between Trypanosoma cruzi parasitaemia in dogs and cats and infection rates in domestic Triatoma infestans. Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, 87, 12-15, 1993.

    Lauricella MA, Wisnivesky-Colli C, Gurtler RE, Petersen R, Bujas M & Segura EL. Standardization of serological tests for detecting anti Trypanosoma cruzi antibodies in dogs. Memorias do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, 88, 413-417, 1993.

    Gurtler RE, Schweigmann NJ, Cecere MC, Chuit, R. & Wisnivesky-Colli, C. Comparison of two sampling methods for domestic populations of Triatoma infestans in north-west Argentina. Medical and Veterinary Entomology, 7, 238-242, 1993.

    Gurtler RE, Petersen RM, Cecere MC, Schweigmann NJ, Chuit R, Gualtieri JM & Wisnivesky-Colli C. Chagas disease in north-west Argentina: risk of domestic reinfestation by Triatoma infestans after a single community-wide application of deltamethrin. Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, 88, 27-30, 1994.

    Gurtler RE, Chuit R, Cecere MC & Castanera MB. Detecting domestic vectors of Chagas disease: a comparative trial of six methods in north-west Argentina. Bulletin of the World Health Organization, 73, 487-494, 1995.

    Gurtler, RE, Cecere MC, Vazquez D, Chuit R & Cohen JE. Host-feeding patterns of domiciliary Triatoma infestans (Hemiptera: Reduviidae), vector of Chagas Disease, in northwest Argentina: Seasonal and developmental variations. Journal of Medical Entomology, 33, 15-26, 1996a.

    Gurtler RE, Cecere MC, Castanera MB, Canale DN, Lauricella MA, Chuit R, Cohen JE & Segura EL. Probability of infection with Trypanosoma cruzi of the vector Triatoma infestans fed on infected humans and dogs in northwest Argentina. American Journal of Tropical Medicine & Hygiene, 55, 24-31, 1996b.

    Cecere MC, Gurtler RE, Canale D, Chuit R, Cohen JE. The role of the peridomiciliary area in the elimination of Triatoma infestans from rural argentine communities. Pan American Journal of Public Health 1: 273-279, 1997b.

    Gurtler RE, Cohen JE, Cecere MC & Chuit R. Shifting host choices of the vector of Chagas disease Triatoma infestans in relation to the availability of hosts in houses in north-west Argentina. Journal of Applied Ecology, 34, 699-715, 1997.

    Cecere MC, Gurtler RE, Chuit R & Cohen JE. Effects of chickens on the prevalence of infestation and population density of Triatoma infestans in rural houses of north-west Argentina. Medical and Veterinary Entomology, 11, 383-388, 1997a.

    Gurtler RE, Cohen JE, Cecere MC, Chuit R & Segura EL. Influence of humans and domestic animals on the household prevalence of Trypanosoma cruzi in Triatoma infestans populations in northwest Argentina. American Journal of Tropical Medicine & Hygiene, 58, 748-758, 1998a.

    Cecere MC, Gurtler RE, Canale D, Chuit R & Cohen JE. Factors limiting the domiciliary density of Triatoma infestans, vector of Chagas'disease, in north-west Argentina: a longitudinal study. Bulletin of the World Health Organization, 76, 373-384, 1998.

    Castanera MB, Lauricella MA, Chuit R, Gurtler RE. Evaluation of dogs as sentinels of the transmission of Trypanosoma cruzi in a rural area of north-west Argentina. Annals of Tropical Medicine and Parasitology, 92, 671-683, 1998.

    Lauricella MA, Castanera MB, Gurtler RE, Segura EL. Immunodiagnosis of Trypanosoma cruzi (Chagas' Disease) infection in naturally infected dogs. Memorias do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, 93, 501-507, 1998.

    33) Gurtler RE, Chuit R, Cecere MC, Castanera MB, Cohen JE & Segura EL. Household prevalence of seropositivity for Trypanosoma cruzi in three rural villages of northwest Argentina: environmental, demographic and entomologic associations. American Journal of Tropical Medicine & Hygiene, 59, 741-749, 1998.b

    34) Gurtler RE, Cecere MC, Canale D, Castanera MB, Chuit R & Cohen JE. Monitoring house reinfestation by vectors of Chagas disease: a comparative trial of detection methods during a four-year follow-up. Acta Tropica, 72, 213-234, 1999.

    35) Cecere MC, Castanera MB, Canale DM, Chuit R, Gurtler RE. Trypanosoma cruzi infection in Triatoma infestans and other triatomines: long-term effects of a control program in a rural area of northwestern Argentina. Pan American Journal of Public Health, 5, 392-399, 1999.

    40) De Marco R, Gurtler RE, Salomon OD, Chuit R. Small-scale field trial of a sensing device for detecting peridomestic populations of Triatoma infestans in northwestern Argentina. Journal of Medical Entomology, 36:884-7, 1999.

    41) Canale DM, Cecere MC, Chuit R & Gurtler RE. Peridomestic distribution of Triatoma garciabesi and Triatoma guasayana in north-west Argentina. Medical and Veterinary Entomology, 14: 383-390, 2000.

    45) Petersen RM, Gurtler RE, Cecere MC, Rubel DN, Hansen D, Lauricella MA & Carlomagno M. 2001. Association between nutritional indicators and infectivity of dogs seroreactive for Trypanosoma cruzi in a rural area of northwestern Argentina. Parasitology Research, 87: 208-14.

    46) Gurtler RE, Oneto ML, Cecere MC, Castanera MB, Canale DM. A simple method to identify triatomine feces in sensing devices used in vector surveillance programs. Journal of Medical Entomology,.?

    47) Gurtler RE, Vazquez Prokopec GM, Ceballos LA, Lund Petersen C & Salomon OD. Comparison between two artificial resting units and timed manual collections for detecting peridomestic Triatoma infestans (Hemiptera: Reduviidae) in rural northwestern Argentina. Journal of Medical Entomology, in press.

    Cecere MC. 1999. Thesis.?

    Gorla & Schofield 1989.?

    Segura et al. 1999?

    for Aim 5

    Faria Filho OE, Galdelha EV, Carneiro FC, Lima JNO, Oliveira Filho AM. 1998. Ensaio para avaliacao do efeito residual do Duration M no controle do Triatoma brasiliensis e T. pseudomaculata. Rev Soc Brasil Med Trop 31: 58.

    Gorla, DE (l99l). Med. Vet. Entomol. 5, 311-324.

    Gualtieri J et al. (l984). Chagas l, 17-20.

    Malcolm CA (l988). Parasitology Today 4, S13-S15.

    Oliveira Fo, AM (1988). Rev. Arg. Microbiol. 20 (Supl), 39-48.

    Oliveira Fo., AM (1996). Recent advances in the use of slow-release insecticide formulations against triatomines. Rev Soc Brasil Med Trop 28: 74-78.

    Oliveira Fo., AM (1997). Uso de nuevas herramientas para el control de triatominos en diferentes situaciones entomologicas en el continente americano. Rev Soc Brasil Med Trop 30: 41-46.

    Pinchin, R et al. (l980). Rev. Bras. Malariol. Doencas Trop. 32, 36-41.

    Rabinovich, JE (l972). J. Med. Entomol. 9, 351-370.

    WHO (l99l). Who Technical Report Series 811.

    References for Aim 3

    Brandariz S, Schijman A, Vigliano C, Arteman P, Viotti R, Armenti H, Beldjord C and Levin M. J. 1995.Detection of Trypanosoma cruzi DNA from archival heart tissue of achronic Chagas' disease reference case. The Lancet 346: 1370-1371.

    Breniere SF, Bosseno MF, Telleria J, Bastrenta B, Yaksic N, Noiureau F, Alcazar JL, Barnabe C, Wincker P, Tibayrenc M. 1998. Different behaviour of two Trypanosoma cruzi major clones: transmission and circulation in Bolivian young patients. Exp Parasitol 89: 285-295.

    Breniere SF, Bosseno MF, Telleria J, Carrasco RVargas F, Yaksic N, Noireau F. 1995. Field application of PCR diagnosis and strain typing of Trypanosoma cruzi in Bolivian triatomines. Am J Trop Med Hyg 53: 179-184.

    Canale DM, Cecere MC, Chuit R, Gurtler RE. 2000. Peridomestic distribution of Triatoma garciabesi and Triatoma guasayana in North-West Argentina. Med Vet Entomol. (en prensa).

    Diotaiuti L, Pereira A, Loiola SC, Fernandes AF, Schofield JC, Dujardin JP, Dias JC, Chiari PE. 1995. Inter-relation of sylvatic and domestic transmission of Trypanosoma cruzi in areas with and without domestic vectorial transmission in Minas Gerais, Brazil. Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz. 90: 443-448.

    Fernandes A, Chiari E, Ribeiro-Rodriguez R, Dias JCP, Romanha AJ. 1991. The importance of the opossum (Didelphis albiventris) as a reservoir of Trypanosoma cruzi in Bambui, Minas Gerais State. Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz 86: 81-85.

    Gonzalez A, Prediger E, Huecas ME, Nogueira N, Lizard PM. 1984. Minichromosomal repetitive DNA in Trypanosoma cruzi. Its use in a high-sensitivity parasite detection assay. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA: 81: 3356 - 3360.

    Lewicka K, Breniere SF, Barnabe C, Dedet JP, Tibayrenc M. 1995. An isoenzime survey of Trypanosoma cruzi genetic variability in sylvatic cycles from French Guiana. Exp Parasitol 81, 20-28.

    Luca d'oro GM, Gardenal CN, Perret B, Crisci JV, Montamat EE. 1993. Genetic structure of Trypanosoma cruzi populations from Argentina estimated from enzyme polymorphism. Parasitology 107:405-10.

    Macedo AM, Martins M, Chiari E, Pena S. 1992. DNA fingerprinting of T. cruzi: a new tool for characterization of strains and clones. Mol. Biochem. parasitol. 55: 147-154

    Miles MA, Cibulskis RE. 1986. Zymodeme characterization of Trypanosoma cruzi. Parasitol Today 2: 94-98

    Miles MA, Povoa MM, Prata A, Cerdillos RA, Souza AA, Macedo V. 1981. Do radically dissimilar Trypanosoma cruzi strains (zymodemes) cause Venezuelan and Brazilian forms of Chagas disease?. Lancet i, 1338-1340.

    Montamat EE, De Luca d'Oro G, Perret B, Rivas C. 1992. Characterization of Trypanosoma cruzi from Argentina by electrophoretic zymograms. Acta Trop 51:173.

    Montamat EE, Durand S, Bocco JL, De Luca D'Oro GM, Blanco A. 1999. Identification of Trypanosoma cruzi zymodemes by kinetoplast DNA probes. J Eukaryot Microbiol 46:155-159.

    Schijman AG, Vigliano C, Burgos JM, Favaloro R, Perrone S, Laguens R, Levin MJ. 2000. Early diagnosis of recurrence of Trypanosoma cruzi infection by polymerase chain reaction after heart transplantation of a chronic Chagas' heart disease patient. J. Heart & Lung Transplantation. 19:1114-17

    Souto R, Fernandez O, Macedo A, Campbell D, Zingales B. 1996. DNA markers define two mayor phylogenetic lineages of T. cruzi. Mol. Biochem. Parasitol. 83: 141-152

    Steindel M, Toma HK, Ishida MM, Murta SM, de Carvalho Pinto CJ, Grisard EC, Schlemper BR Jr, Ribeiro-Rodrigues R, Romanha AJ. 1995. Biological and isoenzymatic characterization of Trypanosoma cruzi strains isolated from sylvatic reservoirs and vectors from the state of Santa Catarina, Southern Brazil. Acta Trop. 60:167-77

    Vazquez M, Ben-Dov C, Lorenzi H, Moore T, Schijman A, Levin MJ. 2000. The short interspersed repetitive element of Trypanosoma cruzi, SIRE, is part of VIPER, an unusual retroelement related to long terminal repeat retrotransposons. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 29;97:2128-33.

    Vazquez M, Lorenzi H, Schijman AG, Ben-Dov C, Levin MJ. 1999. Analysis of the distribution of SIRE in the nuclear genome of Trypanosoma cruzi. Gene. 1;239:207-16.

    Wisnivesky-Colli C, Schweigmann NJ, Alberti A, Pietrokovsky SM, Conti O, Montoya S, Riarte A, Rivas C. 1992. Sylvatic American trypanosomiasis in Argentina. Trypanosoma cruzi infection in mammals from the Chaco forest in Santiago del Estero. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg. 86:38-41

    Bookstein 1996

    Bookstein 1989.

    Dos Reis et al., 1990

    Mahalanobis, 1936

    Yoccoz, 1993

    Palmer and Strobeck 1986

    Moller and Swaddle, 1997

    Bookstein, F. L. 1991. Morphometric tools for landmark data. Geometry and biology. Cambridge University Press: New York.

    Rohlf FJ & Slice DE. 1990. Sist.. Zool. 39:40-59.

    Rohlf FJ, Loy A & Corti, M. 1996. Syst. Biol., 45:344-362.

    Adams DC & Funk. DJ. 1997. Syst. Biol.. 46:180-194.